花好月圆人长久
“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”中的“婵娟”指什么？
想知道“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”中的“婵娟”指什么？
| 北宋大文豪苏轼（1037年——1101年）名作《水调歌头》中的名句“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”的意思为：希望世上的有情人能终成眷属，长久厮守在一起，即使天各一方，彼此也能享受到皎洁的明月，寄托思念之情。
这句话中的“婵娟”，特指皎洁的月光，是作为诗词中寄托情思的意象来使用的。实质上，“婵娟”一词拥有丰富的寓意，本意并非月光和月色，而是在不断演化中，确切地说，是在名词和形容词之间不断转化，涵义不断丰富，才逐渐形成了这个约定俗成的涵义。 从“婵娟”一词带“女”字旁可以看出，它最早是作为女性人名而出现。据传是战国时期大诗人屈原的一个女学生，跟宋玉是同学，对老师屈原非常崇拜，时刻关心着屈原。婵娟不但聪明伶俐，冰清玉洁，并且具有一身正气，老师屈原非常赏识这个女学生。屈原是楚国人，为了拯救自己的祖国不被秦始皇所灭，他四处游说，说服其它几个国家联合起来共同抵抗强大的秦国。然而，事情并没有向着屈原的理想而进展，其它几个国家人心不齐，各有心思，最终无法凝聚成一股强大力量，被秦国逐一击破。 在屈原游说过程中，某国国王怀疑屈原有所企图，要加害自己国家，把本国推向火坑。于是，派人在宴会的酒中下毒，准备毒害屈原。这件事被婵娟知道后，婵娟自告奋勇，代替老师去赴宴，喝下毒酒不幸身亡。屈原知道真相后，万念俱灰，怀着悲痛心情写了一篇赋，把婵娟比喻为“天使”。 屈原毕竟是一代文豪，他的影响力很大，他所使用的典故被后来的文人所认可。到东汉时期，“婵娟”在文人的心目中，已经成为情操高尚的美女的代名词。张衡在《西京赋》中，创造了一个成语“婵娟此豸”，本意指像婵娟一样的美女，具有妖娆妩媚的姿态。后来，这个成语变成了形容词，专门形容美女可人的姿态。 再后来，“婵娟”一词的涵义被不断扩展，具有了多义性，除过形容美女的妖娆妩媚，轻灵飘逸，婀娜多姿的姿态以外，还形容跟女性阴柔美比较相近的自然之美，如，花草树木的轻柔美，娇艳美。月光的皎洁美，朦胧美，等等。前边已经说过，“婵娟”一词的发展史就是在名词和形容词之间不断转化的结果。因此，在后来的文学创作中，诗人和作家根据语境和环境，不断赋予“婵娟”新的涵义。到北宋苏轼《水调歌头》一词中，“婵娟”特指皎洁的月光，引申涵义可以理解为思念。 “婵娟”一词的涵义演变，其实跟现代的“小姐”、“农民”两词的涵义变化有些类似，都是在不同时代语境中对汉语词汇意思的再开发。“小姐”一词原指有修养的大家闺秀，而现在，可以说变味了，跟做皮肉生意的女性扯上了关系。“农民”一词同样如此。原指那些以出卖体力为主的，勤劳、善良、朴实的乡下人，而现在，却变成了一个带有歧视意义的形容词，有人挖苦某人时常常会说：你怎么跟农民一样？农民变成了目光短浅，愚昧无知，小肚鸡肠的代名词。 但愿人长久千里共婵娟的意思想知道但愿人长久千里共婵娟的意思但愿人长久 千里共婵娟 经典诗词中英文对照欣赏阅读 2089王佩伟
 《水调歌头》（苏轼）明月几时有？把酒问青天。How long will the full moon appear? Too high and cold for me.起舞弄清影，何似在人间。I rise and dance, with my shadow I play.On high as on earth, would it be as gay? Men he sorrow and joy; they part or meet again;人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.So let us wish that man.但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。Will live long as he can!Though miles apart, well share the beauty she displays. 李白诗 《长干行》 A Tranquil NightAbed, I see a silver light,I wonder if It’s frost around.Looking up, I find the moon bright;Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.（许渊冲 译 1984） 将进酒李白Drinking RevelryLi BaiTr. 许景城（Peter Cooper Xu）君不见， Behold Not Thou黄河之水天上来，The Yellow River down from the high sky surging,奔流到海不复回！Never returns, down to sea, flushing and flowing!君不见，Behold Not Thou高堂明镜悲白发，For my white hair in high halls’ bright mirrors I moan, 朝如青丝暮成雪！As if turning snow-white at dusk from black at dawn!人生得意须尽欢，Ever seize revelry when thou art in high noon!莫使金樽空对月。Never lee thy gold goblet empty to the moon!天生我才必有用，Talents bestowed by Heen are born for good use;千金散尽还复来。Thousands of gold and coins spent would stream in profuse. 烹羊宰牛且为乐，Cook a lamb and kill a cow just for the rejoice;会须一饮三百杯。Drink up three hundred cupfuls of wine in high voice.岑夫子， Lo, Chen, my Master!丹丘生，Lo, Danqiu, my friend!将进酒，Cheer up and bottoms up!杯莫停。Never put down thy cups!与君歌一曲，For thee, let me sing a song;请君为我倾耳听。To me, lend thy ears along! 钟鼓馔玉不足贵，Bells, drums and delicacies neve r do I ache,但愿长醉不觉醒。And yet I would rather become dead drunk than wake.古来圣贤皆寂寞，Solitary sages he been since ancient times,惟有饮者留其名。While great drinkers he been renowned all the times.陈王昔时宴平乐，The Prince of yore held in his palace feasts decent. 斗酒十千恣欢谑。Ten thousand coins a cask were for the spree spent.主人何为言少钱，How can a host proclaim to be short of the coins? 与尔同销万古愁。With thee I would drown away the age-old sorrow.Notes:1. Li Bai is a very famous poet from early Tang Dynasty.2. This poem was written in the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Tang Xuanzhong(唐玄宗), just four or five years before An Lushan Rebellion, when the Emperor was indulged in drink and women, and bestowed on evil Minister Li Linpu (李林甫) and Yang Guozhong (杨国忠) the right of dealing with all the official affairs, leing the nation in darkness and degradation. The poet wrote this poem just to express his resentfulness and satirize the dark officialdom. 译文1：Bring in the WineLi PoTr. Stephen Owen (宇文所安)Look there!The waters of the Yellow River,coming down from Heen,rush in their flow to the sea,never turn back again.Look there!Bright in the mirrors of mighty hallsa grieving for white hair,this morning blue-black strands of silk,now turned to snow with evening. For satiaction in this lifetaste pleasure to the limit,And never let a goblet of goldface the bright moon empty.Heen bred in me talents,and they must be put to use.1 toss away a thousand in gold,it comes right back to me.So boil a sheep,butcher an ox,make merry for a while,And when you sit yourself to drink, always down three hundred cups.Hey, Master Tsen,Ho, Tan-chiu,Bring in the wine!Keep the cups coming!And I, I1I sing you a song,You bend me your ears and listen一The bells and the drums, the tastiest morsels,its not these that 1 love一All I want is to stay dead drunkand never sober up.The sages and worthies of ancient days now lie silent forever,And only the greatest drinkershe a fame that lingers on!Once long agothe prince of Chenheld a party at Ping-Io Lodge.A gallon of wine cost ten thousand cash,all the joy and laughter they pleased.So you, my host,How can you tell me youre short on cash? And Ill do the pouring for you!Then take my dappled horse,Take my furs worth a fortune,Just call the boy to get them,and trade them for lovely wine,And here together well melt the sorrowsof all eternity !译文2：Invitation to WineLi BaiTr. 杨宪益Do you not see the YellowRiver come from the sky,Rushing into the sea and neer come back? Do you not see the mirror bright in chamber highGrieve oer your snow-white hair that once was silken back? Kill a cow, cook a sheep and let us merry be,And drink three hundred cupfuls of wine in high glee!Dear friends of mine,Cheer up, cheer up!I invite you to wine.Do not put down your cup!I will sing you a song, please hear,O hear! Lend me a willing ear!What difference will rare and costly dishes make? How many great men were forgotten through the ages? The fur coat worth a thousand coins of goldAnd flower-dappled horse may both be soldTo buy good wine that we may drown the woes age-old 1. 专题栏目
|
